4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies
Main inclusion criteria
Discovery, development and preclinical testing of novel markers (that may be derived from patient samples) and technologies for use in detection, diagnosis, prediction, prognosis and monitoring including
- biological and psychological markers
- diagnostic and monitoring devices, imaging, scanning, predictive and diagnostic tests
- development and characterisation of models
- diagnostic measures and methodologies
Advice on research activities
Note the word ‘discovery’ in this context is a medical term referring to determining if a marker is suitable for use in diagnosis/prognosis. This is distinct from the primary identification of candidates that may be potentially used as diagnostic markers, which would be coded in 2 Aetiology.
Therefore this code is suitable for use if potential diagnostic targets have already been identified in preliminary aetiological studies characterising specific pathways and these potential markers are now being verified in the discovery and testing stage.
Includes pre-clinical investigation of potential diagnostics, however these studies can include patient samples if they are being used in the diagnostic development phase.
Excludes clinical and applied testing in humans, once verified in the laboratory, often in a trial or studies that involve a group of people. Such studies should be coded 4.2 Marker evaluation.
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies | 4.1 Marker discovery |
HRCS_RA_4_1 |
Related external links
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 4.1 Technology Development and/or Marker Discovery
Main inclusion criteria
- development and/or distribution of resources for use by the research community including equipment, cell lines, tissue and DNA banks
- infrastructure to support research trials, networks, consortia and centres
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 3.5 Resources and infrastructure (prevention) | 3.5 Resources |
HRCS_RA_3_5 |
Related external links
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 3.6 Resources and Infrastructure Related to Prevention
Main inclusion criteria
Research on vaccines for prevention of disease including
- discovery, development and testing of vaccines and vaccination in model systems
- mechanism of action
- development, implementation and evaluation of vaccination programmes and studies to increase uptake
- decision making, outcomes from vaccination and evaluation of evidence to inform policy
Advice on research activities
Most vaccines are protective against infection and consequently the majority of vaccine development will be given this code.
Excludes the minority of vaccine studies that are being developed or used for treatment (which would fall into 5.1 Pharmaceuticals or 6.1 Pharmaceuticals).
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 3.4 Vaccines | 3.4 Vaccines |
HRCS_RA_3_4 |
Related external links
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 3.4 Vaccines
Main inclusion criteria
Research on chemopreventative agents and health protective effects of nutrients including
- development, characterisation and mechanism of action
- chemical contraceptives
- testing and evaluation in model systems and clinical, applied and community settings
- evaluation of evidence to inform policy
Advice on research activities
Includes studies focused on the potentially health protective effects of specific nutrients, probiotics and nutritional supplements plus chemopreventative studies including oral contraceptives.
Excludes general epidemiological studies of the effects of nutrition on health or association with disease.
Excludes studies where nutrients, probiotics and/or nutritional supplements are used as therapeutics treatments. Such studies should be coded as 5.1 Pharmaceuticals if in pre-clinical development or 6.1 Pharmaceuticals if in a clinical/applied setting.
Exclude studies on microbiota transplantation. These are consider cell treatments and should be coded as 5.2 Cellular and Gene Therapy for pre-clinical or 6.2 Cellular and Gene Therapy for clinical/applied.
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention | 3.3 Nutrition |
HRCS_RA_3_3 |
Related external links
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 3.2 Dietary Interventions to Reduce Cancer Risk and Nutritional Science in Cancer Prevention
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 3.3 Chemoprevention and other medical interventions
Main inclusion criteria
Development, implementation and evaluation of interventions surrounding physical, biological and environmental risk factors including
- radiation, second-hand smoke, physical and chemical agents, occupational hazards and environmental surroundings
- contraceptive devices
- infectious agents
- policy, educational and physical interventions
Advice on research activities
Includes physical contraceptives.
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 3.2 Interventions to alter physical and biological environmental risks | 3.2 Environmental |
HRCS_RA_3_2 |
Related external links
Main inclusion criteria
Development, implementation and evaluation of interventions to modify personal or group behaviours and lifestyles affecting health and well-being including
- risk behaviours associated with diet, tobacco use, physical activity, alcohol consumption, sexual health and substance misuse
- age, gender, cultural or religious practices
- public health policy, health communication and educational interventions
- behavioural, psychological, social and physical interventions
Advice on research activities
Includes behavioural interventions aimed at primary disease prevention or health protection.
Excludes epidemiology studies establishing cause or incidences of these behaviours which should be coded within the 2 Aetiology code group.
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing | 3.1 Primary prevention |
HRCS_RA_3_1 |
Related external links
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 3.1 Interventions to Prevent Cancer: Personal Behaviours that Affect Cancer Risk
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 3.5 Complementary and Alternative Prevention Approaches
Main inclusion criteria
- development and/or distribution of resources for general use by the research community including equipment, cell lines, tissue and DNA banks, and genomic and proteomic sequence resources
- infrastructure to support research networks, consortia and centres
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 2.6 Resources and infrastructure (aetiology) | 2.6 Resources |
HRCS_RA_2_6 |
Related external links
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 1.5 Resources and Infrastructure
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 2.4 Resources and Infrastructure Related to Aetiology
Main inclusion criteria
Development of aetiological and epidemiological research designs, measures and methodologies including
- methodological innovation and modelling complex epidemiological data
- development and evaluation of novel research designs
- development of epidemiological research measurements including outcome measures
- development of analytical and statistical methods to understand disease cause, susceptibility and risk including genetic linkage and association studies
Advice on research activities
Is primarily used for epidemiology methodological development and informatics studies of genetic linkages associated with diseases.
Excludes development of novel methodologies and research designs and measurements in treatment, management and health services research which is 8.4 Research design.
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 2.5 Research design and methodologies (aetiology) | 2.5 Design |
HRCS_RA_2_5 |
Related external links
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 1.5 Resources and Infrastructure
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 2.4 Resources and Infrastructure Related to Aetiology
Main inclusion criteria
Observational studies, surveys, registries, and studies that track incidence, prevalence, morbidity, co-morbidity and mortality including ongoing monitoring of large scale cohorts
Advice on research activities
This code is used for observational studies that are descriptive and do not involve characterising the mechanism or establishing the cause of these observations. These are typically population level studies and should only include studies on humans.
Includes studies of large cohorts – but not every study which utilises data from a cohort will fall into this code.
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 2.4 Surveillance and distribution | 2.4 Surveillance |
HRCS_RA_2_4 |
Related external links
Common Scientific Outline (CSO) – 6.2 Surveillance
Main inclusion criteria
Research into psychological conditions, or research into the cause, risk or development of disease, conditions or ill health associated with social, psychological and economic factors including
- individual or group behaviours and lifestyle
- cultural or religious beliefs or practices
- ethnicity, age and gender differences
- socioeconomic factors
Advice on research activities
Includes aetiological studies on psychological illnesses as well as psychological social and economic causes of disease or conditions.
Includes epidemiological studies of behavioural determinants of ill health or risk of ill health.
Excludes studies of normal cognitive processes such as memory, learning and speech which should be coded as 1.2 Psychological.
Excludes characterisation of the biological cause of psychological conditions which should be coded as 2.1 Endogenous risks – however 2.3 Psychological risks can also be used if the study includes investigation of symptoms and characteristics of the psychological condition.
Official terminology
|
Full name of code |
Short name | Unique ID |
| 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors | 2.3 Psychological risks |
HRCS_RA_2_3 |